Which type of theory is primarily concerned with detailing the outcomes of a process rather than its mechanisms?

The focus of a descriptive theory is on detailing and documenting the outcomes of processes without delving into the underlying mechanisms or causes that lead to those outcomes. It serves to provide an overview of what is observed, capturing various phenomena in a way that reflects reality but does not attempt to explain why or how those phenomena occur. This characteristic distinguishes descriptive theories from others, such as explanatory or prescriptive theories, which seek to understand or guide processes and outcomes respectively.

In contrast, explanatory theories are dedicated to uncovering the causal relationships and mechanisms behind phenomena, thereby offering an understanding of the "why" rather than just the "what." Prescriptive theories focus on providing recommendations or guidelines for actions based on certain norms or objectives but are not as concerned with simply outlining outcomes. Deductive theories rely on deduction to derive specific conclusions from general principles, which again is different from merely describing outcomes. Thus, the focus of a descriptive theory on outcomes alone is what sets it apart as the correct answer.