What type of systematic review includes only qualitative studies?

The correct answer, meta-synthesis, refers specifically to the systematic review process that synthesizes qualitative research studies. This type of systematic review focuses on integrating findings from qualitative studies to generate new insights and a deeper understanding of a particular phenomenon. It aims to interpret and conceptualize data in a way that offers a richer narrative, rather than simply aggregating results as is common in meta-analyses, which typically deal with quantitative data.

Understanding meta-synthesis is essential as it provides a foundation for clinicians and researchers to gather themes and insights regarding people's experiences, perceptions, and behaviors from qualitative research. This can be particularly valuable in fields like health care, where patient experiences and social context significantly influence the effectiveness of treatments.

For context, meta-analysis involves combining results from quantitative studies, which contrasts with the qualitative focus of meta-synthesis. Systematic reviews, in general, can encompass both qualitative and quantitative studies, depending on their aim, while quantitative reviews are also focused on numerical data. Thus, meta-synthesis stands alone as the approach tailored specifically for synthesizing qualitative research.