What ethical principle requires that vulnerable populations receive special consideration in research?

The ethical principle that requires special consideration for vulnerable populations in research is justice. This principle emphasizes fairness and equity in the distribution of research benefits and burdens. Vulnerable populations, such as children, the elderly, or individuals with cognitive impairments, may face obstacles that limit their ability to participate in research or protect their rights. Therefore, justice mandates that researchers ensure these groups have appropriate safeguards in place and that they do not bear disproportionate risks while still benefiting from research outcomes.

In the context of justice, researchers are called upon to promote equitable access to research opportunities and ensure that those who may be less able to give informed consent are adequately protected. This principle places importance on the idea that everyone deserves fair treatment and that specific attention must be given to those who are at greater risk of exploitation or harm within the research process.