Does an institutional review board review the scientific merits of completed research?

The correct answer reflects that an institutional review board (IRB) does not review the scientific merits of completed research. Instead, the primary function of an IRB is to ensure the ethical treatment of research participants by reviewing research proposals before the study begins. This includes evaluating the risks and benefits to participants, ensuring informed consent processes, and assessing the protection of participants' rights.

The scientific merits of the research are typically evaluated by peer reviewers during the publication process or by grant review committees, who focus on the quality, design, and significance of the research findings. Therefore, the role of the IRB is distinct from evaluating the overall scientific validity, concentrating instead on ethical considerations.

This distinction helps clarify why the other options do not apply. For example, the idea that IRBs review only submissions for publication or only funded projects does not align with their primary ethical oversight role. Their focus remains on participant protection rather than the scientific quality of the research post-completion.