According to the Belmont Report, which of the following are primary ethical principles? (Select all that apply.)

The Belmont Report outlines three fundamental ethical principles that guide research involving human subjects. These principles are respect for persons (which encompasses respect for human dignity), beneficence, and justice.

Respect for human dignity is central to ethical research practices. This principle emphasizes the importance of acknowledging the autonomy and worth of individuals, ensuring that their right to make informed decisions regarding their participation in research is upheld. This involves obtaining informed consent, where participants are provided with adequate information about the study to make knowledgeable decisions.

Beneficence refers to the ethical obligation to maximize benefits and minimize harm to participants. It encompasses the idea that researchers should carefully consider how their studies might affect participants, aiming to enhance their well-being while mitigating risks.

Justice involves the fair distribution of the benefits and burdens of research. It requires that no group of people is unfairly burdened by the risks of research, while others reap its benefits. This principle aims to ensure equity in research participation and to safeguard marginalized populations from exploitation.

Integrity, while an important ethical consideration within research, is not one of the core principles outlined in the Belmont Report. Instead, it's more about upholding honesty and accountability in the conduct and reporting of research.

Therefore, the primary ethical principles recognized by the Belmont Report are respect for